Uso do guia endodôntico para resolução de canais calcificados: relato de caso / Use of endodontic guide for resolution of calcified root canals: case report

Introdução: a ciência endodôntica tem como objetivo a manutenção do elemento dentário em função no sistema estomatognático, por meio de procedimentos de sanificação, modelagem e obturação dos condutos radiculares. Porém, o sucesso do tratamento pode estar comprometido devido à presença de obliterações parciais ou totais da cavidade pulpar, que dificultam ou, até mesmo, impedem o procedimento. Recentemente, os avanços tecnológicos possibilitaram a transposição dessas barreiras com a confecção de um guia que permite o acesso retilíneo e direciona ao forame apical do canal obliterado. Métodos: o presente estudo descreve o uso do guia endodôntico em um paciente do sexo masculino, de 54 anos de idade, diagnosticado com necrose pulpar no elemento #14, com obliteração do conduto palatino. Resultados: o sucesso do tratamento pôde ser observado após seis meses de controle radiográfico e ausência de sintomatologia. Conclusões: o tratamento endodôntico de canais calcificados por meio da Endodontia guiada demonstrou ser uma abordagem clinicamente viável para localizar canais radiculares obliterados e prevenir acidentes e complicações nos dentes que não podem ser acessados de forma previsível por meio da terapia endodôntica tradicional (AU).

Introduction: Endodontic science aims to maintain the dental element in function in the stomatognathic system, through procedures of sanification, modeling and obturation of the root conduits. However, the success of the treatment may be compromised due to the presence of partial or total obliterations of the pulp cavity, which hinder and even impede the procedure. Recently, the technological advance made it possible to transpose these barriers with the creation of a guide that allows rectilinear access and directs to the apical foramen of the obliterated canal. Methods: The present study describes the use of the endodontic guide in a 54-year-old male patient, diagnosed with pulp necrosis in element 14, with obliteration of the palatine conduit. Results: The success of the treatment could be observed after six months of radiographic control and absence of symptomatology. Conclusions: Endodontic treatment of calcified canals through guided endodontics demonstrates a clinically viable approach to locate obliterated root canals and prevent accidents and complications in teeth that cannot be predictably accessed through traditional endodontic therapy (AU).

Ki-67 protein predicts survival in oral squamous carcinoma cells: an immunohistochemical study.

The aim of this study was to identify the expression of Ki-67 and MCM3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as to address the correlation with patient survival and clinical features. Samples were collected from 51 patients with OSCC who presented for follow-up. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and MCM3 in all groups was performed. The scoring system was previous published by Tsurutani in 2005. We used Kappa index to evaluate observers agreement degree. The associations between protein expression and clinical variables were examined for statistical significance using the chi-squared test. The overall survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the relationship between protein expression and survival was compared using the log-rank test (p < 0.05). The overall survival time for a patient with positive immunostaining for Ki-67 is shorter than for a patient with negative immunostaining, (log-rank test, p = 0.00882). Patients with tumor size T3 and T4 showed a statistically significant relationship with Ki-67 immunoexpression (log-rank test, p = 0.0174). The relationship between Ki-67 expression and the relation between age, gender, smoking, tumor site, lymph node metastasis and disease stage was not significant. The examiners agreement degree by Kappa presented p value < 0.05. There was not a significant correlation when we evaluated MCM3 expression regarding clinical characteristics and survival rate. From these results, the present study suggests that positive Ki-67 expression found in OSCC patients may contribute to predict the survival in OSCC samples, as well as the relation between the protein and the tumor size.

Ki-67 protein predicts survival in oral squamous carcinoma cells: an immunohistochemical study

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the expression of Ki-67 and MCM3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as to address the correlation with patient survival and clinical features. Samples were collected from 51 patients with OSCC who presented for follow-up. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and MCM3 in all groups was performed. The scoring system was previous published by Tsurutani in 2005. We used Kappa index to evaluate observers agreement degree. The associations between protein expression and clinical variables were examined for statistical significance using the chi-squared test. The overall survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the relationship between protein expression and survival was compared using the log-rank test (p < 0.05). The overall survival time for a patient with positive immunostaining for Ki-67 is shorter than for a patient with negative immunostaining, (log-rank test, p = 0.00882). Patients with tumor size T3 and T4 showed a statistically significant relationship with Ki-67 immunoexpression (log-rank test, p = 0.0174). The relationship between Ki-67 expression and the relation between age, gender, smoking, tumor site, lymph node metastasis and disease stage was not significant. The examiners agreement degree by Kappa presented p value < 0.05. There was not a significant correlation when we evaluated MCM3 expression regarding clinical characteristics and survival rate. From these results, the present study suggests that positive Ki-67 expression found in OSCC patients may contribute to predict the survival in OSCC samples, as well as the relation between the protein and the tumor size.

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Oral Cavity.

Metastases to the oral cavity are extremely rare events, representing less than 1% of all malignant oral tumors. Renal cell carcinoma constitutes about 3% of solid tumors in adults, and it is the most frequent kidney neoplasm, representing about 90% of kidney malignancies. Due to the silent growth of this neoplasm, most patients have no symptoms and the diagnosis is belated, usually after metastases. The present study reports an additional patient of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the oral cavity regarding the clinical and pathologic features.

Terapia endodôntica em dentes decíduos por odontopediatras / Endodontic Therapy in Primary Teeth by Pediatric Dentists

Objetivo: Verificar a conduta de odontopediatras quanto à escolha da terapia endodôntica em dentes decíduos, assim como os fatores que influenciam essa eleição e os materiais nela utilizados. Método: Estudo transversal com 30 odontopediatras atuantes no Estado do Pará, Região Amazônica do Brasil, a partir de um questionário elaborado contendo informações pessoais e questões de caráter específico sobre possíveis técnicas de terapias endodônticas em dentes decíduos. Os dados foram apurados utilizando o softwareMicrosoft Excel 2010, onde foi elaborada a estatística descritiva.Resultados: Em caso de molar decíduo com cárie profunda sem exposição pulpar, 86,7% dos odontopediatras realizariam a proteção pulpar indireta (PPI). No caso de pequena exposição acidental da polpa, 50% fariam proteção pulpar direta (PPD) e 46,7%, a pulpotomia. Já em grande exposição pulpar com inflamação suave, 56,7% fariam a pulpotomia e 43,3% a PPD. Em polpa exposta, a pulpectomia foi o tratamento mais relatado em dentes com 1/3 de reabsorção radicular, presença de pólipo pulpar e presença de fístula. Nos casos de extensa lesão radicular e fístula, a maioria (93,3%) faria exodontia. Como medicação intracanal indicada, 36,7% escolheria a pasta Guedes Pinto em casos de pulpectomia. Em caso de pulpotomia, Hidróxido de cálcio (36,7%) e formocresol (33,3%) foram os materiais mais indicados. A pasta de hidróxido de cálcio é o material de escolha na PPD e na PPI para, respectivamente, 83,3% e 86,7% dos profissionais. Conclusão: Não foi observada uniformidade nas respostas da maioria das situações, especialmente nos casos de exposição da polpa e na escolha do material para a técnica. Estes dados confirmam a necessidade de um protocolo clínico para o tratamento pulpar em dentes decíduos baseado em comprovada evidência científica.

Objective: To evaluate the pediatric dentist?s approach with regards to choice of the endodontic therapy in primary teeth and the factors that account to the election of treatment and the materials.Method: This research was a cross-sectional study involving 30 pediatric dentists from the Pará State in the northern Brazil, based on the answers to a questionnaire containing personal information and specific questions addressing the possible endodontic therapies for primary teeth. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 software, in which a descriptive statistics was carried out.Results: In primary molars with deep caries without pulp exposure, 86.7% of the pediatric dentists would choose indirect pulp capping (IPC). In case of a small accidental pulp exposure, 50% would perform direct pulp capping (DPC) and 46.7% would perform pulpotomy. In case of a large pulp exposure with mild inflammation, 56.7% of the interviewers would do pulpotomy and 43.3% DPC. Pulpectomy was the most reported treatment for teeth with pulp exposure, 1/3 of root resorption, pulpal polypus and fistula. In case of extensive root lesion and fistula, most participants (93.3%) would perform exodontia. For intracanal dressing in cases of pulpectomy, 36.7% would choose the Guedes Pinto paste. For pulpotomy, calcium hydroxide (36.7%) and formocresol (33.3%) were the most frequently indicated. Calcium hydroxide paste was the material of choice for IPC and DPC for 83.3% and 86.7% of the professionals, respectively.Conclusion: There were no uniformity in the answers for most situations, especially for choosing the treatment and material for cases of pulp exposure. The results emphasize the need for establishing a research-based clinical protocol for pulpal therapy in primary teeth.